RFID at the Fresno County Public Library


The Fresno County Public Library is utilizing a radio frequency identification (RFID) system at selected locations for purposes of self check out and security. RFID technology is being utilized to speed up the checkout process for library users, improve inventory management and help automate the handling of library materials. With the new system, library users will be able to check out their own items quickly and easily. The technology also provides a security system to protect materials from theft.

What is RFID?

RFID is a data collection technology that relies on radio waves to automatically identify items – which in the case of the library includes books, CDs, DVDs, videos, etc. The technology transfers data from an RFID tag to a reader and then to the library’s circulation database. An RFID tag is placed on every library item with the barcode number of that item stored on the tag. When the tagged item is placed near a reader, the barcode of that item is sent to the library’s circulation system and the item is checked in or out. When the system becomes fully operational, RFID readers will be found at each checkout station and in the security gates at each public entrance.

RFID technology is already being used in a wide variety of settings such as agriculture, manufacturing, transportation and retail to name a few. Libraries began using RFID in the mid-1990s to increase efficiencies for both library users and staff. However, it is important to note RFID systems used in libraries differ from other applications in several ways.

Is any personal information stored on the RFID tag?

No personal information is recorded on the RFID tag when an item is checked out or checked in. The only information stored on the tag is the barcode of the item. Links between borrowers and the items they borrow are maintained in the Library’s circulation system and are broken after the item is returned. The Library's Public Catalog is not searchable by barcode. The Library takes reasonable steps to safeguard its circulation system and prevent unauthorized access to it, and complies with all State Laws regarding Public Records, specifically library circulation records.

Can the RFID tag be read once I leave the library?

RFID tags used in library applications do not have an internal power source or transmitter. Therefore, they can only be read from a distance of two feet or less when the tag reflects a signal from an RFID reader. Therefore, it is not possible for someone to read the tag from the street or another building or by satellite.

Are there any health risks associated with RFID and radio waves?

The radio waves in the library’s RFID system operate at 13.56 MHz, which is at the low-end of the electromagnetic spectrum. The waves coming from RFID readers in the library (check out stations and security gates) have approximately the same strength as those coming from your car radio.